Data · Growth & economic structure
Human capital index, based on years of schooling and returns to education; see Human capital in PWT9.: Vietnam, 1970–2023
- Latest (2023)
- 2.744 index points
- Source
- Groningen Growth and Development Centre
- Code
- hc
- Frequency
- Yearly
Definition
Human capital index, based on years of schooling and returns to education; see Human capital in PWT9.
What the series shows
The series runs from 1970 to 2023 (54 years of data). It moved from 1.494 to 2.744 index points, a change of 83.7%. The highest value was 2.744 in 2023 and the lowest 1.494 in 1970. The comparison below sets Vietnam against 9 neighbouring economies on the latest available year.
Using it in a thesis
Indicators like this one are typical control or explanatory variables in macro and finance theses: merge the CSV with your other series on the year column, check for missing years before running a regression, and log-transform level variables that grow over time. If you use the series in a panel with other countries, take every country from the same source and vintage so the definitions match. Cite the original publisher, not this site, as shown below.
Values by year
| Year | Value (index points) |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 2.744 |
| 2022 | 2.696 |
| 2021 | 2.664 |
| 2020 | 2.633 |
| 2019 | 2.602 |
| 2018 | 2.586 |
| 2017 | 2.571 |
| 2016 | 2.553 |
| 2015 | 2.531 |
| 2014 | 2.508 |
| 2013 | 2.486 |
| 2012 | 2.464 |
| 2011 | 2.442 |
| 2010 | 2.421 |
| 2009 | 2.372 |
| 2008 | 2.324 |
| 2007 | 2.277 |
| 2006 | 2.231 |
| 2005 | 2.186 |
| 2004 | 2.141 |
| 2003 | 2.098 |
| 2002 | 2.055 |
| 2001 | 2.013 |
| 2000 | 1.972 |
| 1999 | 1.940 |
| 1998 | 1.908 |
| 1997 | 1.877 |
| 1996 | 1.846 |
| 1995 | 1.816 |
| 1994 | 1.792 |
| 1993 | 1.768 |
| 1992 | 1.745 |
| 1991 | 1.722 |
| 1990 | 1.696 |
| 1989 | 1.712 |
| 1988 | 1.725 |
| 1987 | 1.737 |
| 1986 | 1.750 |
| 1985 | 1.763 |
| 1984 | 1.759 |
| 1983 | 1.754 |
| 1982 | 1.749 |
| 1981 | 1.745 |
| 1980 | 1.740 |
| 1979 | 1.718 |
| 1978 | 1.693 |
| 1977 | 1.665 |
| 1976 | 1.637 |
| 1975 | 1.610 |
| 1974 | 1.586 |
| 1973 | 1.563 |
| 1972 | 1.540 |
| 1971 | 1.517 |
| 1970 | 1.494 |
Comparison with other countries
| Country | Latest year | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Vietnam | 2023 | 2.744 |
| Thailand | 2023 | 2.862 |
| Indonesia | 2023 | 2.345 |
| Malaysia | 2023 | 3.206 |
| Philippines | 2023 | 2.956 |
| Singapore | 2023 | 3.399 |
| Cambodia | 2023 | 2.058 |
| Laos | 2023 | 2.011 |
| Myanmar | 2023 | 1.940 |
| China | 2023 | 2.750 |
How to cite (APA 7)
Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P.. (2025). Human capital index, based on years of schooling and returns to education; see Human capital in PWT9., Vietnam [Data set]. Penn World Table version 11.0. https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-29. The CSV has one row per period
with the variable name pwt_hc, ready for Stata, R or SPSS.