Data · Technology & digital transformation
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP): Vietnam, 2002–2023
- Latest (2023)
- 0.41 % GDP
- Source
- World Bank
- Code
- GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
- Frequency
- Yearly
Definition
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
What the series shows
The series runs from 2002 to 2023 (8 years of data). It moved from 0.19 to 0.41 % GDP, a change of 115.1%. The highest value was 0.42 in 2021 and the lowest 0.15 in 2011. The comparison below sets Vietnam against 8 neighbouring economies on the latest available year.
Using it in a thesis
Indicators like this one are typical control or explanatory variables in macro and finance theses: merge the CSV with your other series on the year column, check for missing years before running a regression, and log-transform level variables that grow over time. If you use the series in a panel with other countries, take every country from the same source and vintage so the definitions match. Cite the original publisher, not this site, as shown below.
Values by year
| Year | Value (% GDP) |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 0.41 |
| 2021 | 0.42 |
| 2019 | 0.42 |
| 2017 | 0.42 |
| 2015 | 0.36 |
| 2013 | 0.30 |
| 2011 | 0.15 |
| 2002 | 0.19 |
Comparison with other countries
| Country | Latest year | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Vietnam | 2023 | 0.41 |
| Thailand | 2023 | 0.94 |
| Indonesia | 2020 | 0.28 |
| Malaysia | 2022 | 1.01 |
| Philippines | 2020 | 0.28 |
| Singapore | 2022 | 1.81 |
| Cambodia | 2015 | 0.09 |
| Myanmar | 2023 | 0.02 |
| China | 2023 | 2.58 |
How to cite (APA 7)
World Bank. (2026). Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), Vietnam [Data set]. World Development Indicators. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=VN
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Retrieved 2026-11-02. The CSV has one row per period
with the variable name gb_xpd_rsdv_gd_zs, ready for Stata, R or SPSS.